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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. A. MQILHENNY. BOILER FURNAGE.

No. 328.133. amed 001;; 13, 1885.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. A. MGILHENNY. 1 l

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No. 328,133. Patented Oct. 13. 1885.

messes: 3" I UNITED; STATES PATENT .QFFICEO GEoEGE A. M ILHENEY, oEwAsHInGroN, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

BOILER-FURNACE.

.B'PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent Nb. 328,133, datedOctober 13, 1885. Application filed April 301855.. Serial No. 164,006.(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. MOILHEN- NY, of Washington, in theDistrict of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Boiler-Furnaces, following is a specification.

This invention has for its object the more economical use of fuel in theheating of steamgenerators; and it consists in a boilerfurnace in whichthe fuel is burned or decomposed in a fire pot or chamber from which thegases and products of combustion are delivered into a flue runninglengthwise of and beneath the boiler, and thence into acombustion-chamber between said flue and boiler, where they are mingledwith heated air and burned.

In the annexed drawings I have represented one embodiment ofmyinventi'on; but the details may be considerably varied withoutaffecting the principle of operation or the final result.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through myimproved furnace;Fig. 2, atransverse vertical section on the line as x of Fig. 1.; Fig.3, a similar section on the line 3 y of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a horizontalsection on the line .2 z of Fig. 1.

As hitherto constructed boiler-furnaces have been formed with a fire boxor chamber at one end, a bridge-wall to direct the flames, a long fluebeneath the boiler for the gases and flames to pass through, and in somecases with hot-air inlets in the bridge-wall to aid combustion. In allsuch plans the heat is unequally applied to-the boiler, much of the heatbeing wasted upon the crown-sheet, and a large percentage of the gasesand heat passing off unused. Y

My invention is designed to obviate such loss, to distribute the heatuniformly over the entire length of the boiler, to divide the gases intoa number of small streams or bodies in order to facilitate the minglingof heated air therewith, and thus to insure perfect combustion. Thearrangement which I prefer for this purpose is shown in the drawings, inwhich- A indicates a horizontal boiler, advisably formed with one ormore longitudinal flues, and set in a chamber, B, of brick-work suitablylined with fire-brick to resist the intense heat of the fire.

of which the I Beneath the furnace is a chamber, 0, in which the gasesand heated air are mingled and burned, the flames passing thenceupwardthrough flue a, through the longitudinal flue or flues of the boiler,along fine b toward the stack or chimney D.

E indicates a steam-dome, and F a door at the front of the chamber B,which may be opened to give access to the boiler. I

Below the boiler-chamber B is a fire pot or chamber, G, having a grate,H, and ashpit I, ash-door J, and charging-chute K, provided with lid L.

The top of the y immediately beneath this top or cover I form one ormore outlets, 0, opening into a flue or flues, M, beneath themixing-chamber G, and separated therefrom by a floor 01' partition, N,also of flre-brick or other refractory substance. This floor N is formedwith a number of openings, (1, through which the gases and otherproducts of combustion may pass fire pot or chamber is covered 'fromtheflue or flues into the mixingchamber 0.

0 indicates an air flue or passage running lengthwise the brick-work,opening into the atmosphere at a pointbelow the level of flue M, thenrising to said level and extending lengthwise of and close beside theflue M from end to end parallel with the lower section. The flue M andair-passage 0 being separated by a single thickness of brick, the airtraversing said passage will become very highly heated, and in doing sowill utilize only heat that would otherwise pass off through or into thewall and be wasted.

From the air-passage O, of which there are two-one at either side of thefurnace-the heated air escapes into the mixing-chamber 0 through outletse, which are inclined toward and open close to the mouths of the outlets(1, through which the gases and products of combustion enter chamber 0.The outlets d also have their outer walls inclined toward the outlets e,so that the hot air and the gases are thrown together and intimatelymingled, the air furnishing to the gases the necessary supply of oxygento insure perfect combustion.

If desired, a fan or other air-forcing apparatus may be combined withthe air-flues to insure an adequate supply of air; but this I a slab offire-brick or like material; but

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do not find necessary under ordinary circumstances, the strong draftproduced by the ascending flames and the natural flow of the air as itbecomes heated and rarefiedinsuring a proper inflow.

Practical application of the principles in-' volved in this apparatushasdemonstrated that economy of fuel and proper utilization of the heatthereof can be secured only when the flow of gases and other products ofcombustion from the fire-pot into the mixing chamber is checked orretarded more or less,

so that said gases exert a constant effort or pressure to get out.slight pressure I attribute to the fact that the gases resulting fromcombustion or distillation of the fuel possess a strong affinity foroxygen, and the air supplied to the mixingchamber passes into thefire-pot and is there burned with the gases, thus producing a mostintense heat within the fire-pot to the injury thereof, and with a greatsacrifice of heat in the boiler-chamber. I therefore so proportion theoutlets d in relation to the size of the firepot and to thedraft-opening necessary to support combustion of a given charge of fuelthat the gases and products given off by the fuel shall always be underslight pressure in the firepot. When this is done, the fuel in thefire-pot is found to burn but slowly and to coke and freely give off itsconstituent gases, producing an exceedingly small percentage of slag,cinders, or ashes.

It is also found that the fire burns witlisuch remarkable steadiness anduniformity that throwing the draft-door wide open does not appreciablyaffect the fire, and that only a limited quantity of fuel can be burnedat a time in the fire-pot.

So perfect is the combustion that no smoke is seen to pass off at thestack or chimney after the apparatus is fairly in operation, and athermometer placed therein shows a very low temperature as compared withordinary plans, while the heat beneath the boiler is of great intensity.l

A small jet of steam may be advantageously used under the grate-bars ofthe fire-pot.

I do not broadly claim a construction in which the fire-pot is separatedfrom the boiler-chamber, and a mixing-chamber is interposed between thefire-pot and boiler-cham- I claim the same, broadly, when her nor do Thenecessity for this air-fines are formed in the walls of the apparatus toheat an inflowing supply of air. I, however, believe myself to be thefirst to so reduce the tween the mixing chamber and the boilerchamber asto retard or check the mingled gases and cause them to issue underpressure more or less appreciable; and this I mean to to claim, broadly.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim is 1. In aboiler-furnace, the combination of a boiler-chamber containing a mixingspace or chamber at its bottom, afiue running beneath the mixing-chamberand provided with a series of passages openinginto the mixirg-chamber, afire-pot communicating with said flue, and a hot-air flue formed withopenings into the mixingchamber, substantially as set forth.

2. The herein-described boiler-furnace,consisting of boiler-chamber B,fire-pot G, flue M, communicating with fire-pot G, and having outlets d,and air-flue 0, having outlets c, all substantially as described andshown.

3. In combination with a boiler-chamber and with a boiler therein, afire-p0t or chamber, an intermediate flue communicating with thefire-pot and having "openings into the boilerchamber, the outlets orpassages be tween the firepot and boiler-chamber being of such size asto slightly check or retard the entrance of gases into theboiler-chamber.

4. In combination with boiler-chamber B, and with boilerA therein,fire-pot G, flues M, communicating with said fire-pot and passingbeneath floor N of the boiler-chamber, flue 0, also passing beneath thefloor N, and openings d e passing through the floor N from therespective fines, and inclined toward each other, substantially as andfor the purpose explained.

5. A boiler casing or chamber, in combination with a fire pot orgenerator having its passages of communication with the boilerchamberchecked or reduced at the point of entrance to the combustion-chamber inthe boiler-chamber so as to cause the flow of gases to conform to theflow of air and to the heat required in said chamber.

GEORGE A. MOILHENN Y.

Witnesses: I

WILLIAM B. ORMS, E. A. BAILEY.

passages of communication be-.

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